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Preheat the oven to 350°F. Lightly grease (or line with parchment) two baking sheets.
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In a large bowl, beat together the butter, brown sugar, vanilla, salt, baking soda, and baking powder until smooth.
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Scrape down the bowl, then beat in the egg until well combined.
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Weigh your flour; or measure it by gently spooning it into a cup, then sweeping off any excess.
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Stir the flour into the cookie dough, then the chocolate chips or chopped chocolate, mixing just until combined.
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Drop the dough, by tablespoonfuls, onto the prepared baking sheets. A tablespoon cookie scoop works well here. If using chocolate chips (rather than chopped chocolate), gently press each cookie down to about 1/2" high. (Want to make smaller cookies? A teaspoon cookie scoop will yield about 6 dozen 2" cookies.)
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Bake the cookies for 10 to 12 minutes (9 to 10 minutes for smaller cookies), until their bottoms are barely starting to brown (gently lift one up to peek). They may appear quite light and "undone;" that's OK, you want them to stay soft, so don't over-bake. Also, if you're using a darker cookie sheet without parchment, they'll probably need to bake for a slightly shorter time.
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Remove the cookies from the oven, and allow them to cool for 10 minutes before transferring them to a rack to cool completely.
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Store cookies airtight at room temperature for several days; freeze for longer storage.